A Phase 1 Trial of CIML NK Cell Infusion for Myeloid Disease Relapse After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

• Status: Recruiting
• Trial end date: 2026-02-15
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: All

Summary

This research study is studying cytokine induced memory-like natural killer (CIML NK) cells plus IL-2 in adult patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) who relapse after haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT). This study will also study CIML NK cell infusion combined with IL-2 in pediatric patients (12 years of age or older) with AML, MDS, JMML who relapse after stem cell transplantation using HLA-matched related donor or related donor haploidentical stem cells.

• Phase: Phase 1
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: No

Details

• Lead Sponsor: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Rizwan Romee
• Collaborators: Dunkin Donuts; The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
• Treatments: Cyclophosphamide; Fludarabine; Fludarabine phosphate

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Relapse or post-transplant persistence of AML, MDS (including JMML) or MPN (CMML, myelofibrosis or MDS/MPN). Disease relapse or persistence will be defined as any measurable disease by morphology, flow-cytometry, validated tests for minimal residual disease or disease-defining mutations in the bone marrow, or non-immune privileged extramedullary sites

• Persistence of disease* within 4 weeks before planned NK cell infusion and at least 2 weeks after completion of immune suppression taper as long as it is > 2 months after stem cell transplantation for both adult and pediatric patients. If 2 weeks after completion of the immune suppression taper is still within 2 months of the most recent stem cell transplant, then chemotherapy with Fludarabine/Cyclophosphamide would need to start no earlier than at least 2 months after the transplant. For adults, disease persistence after a second transplant is allowed as long as the most recent transplant was a haploidentical stem cell transplant. In the pediatric cohort, disease persistence or recurrence after a second transplant is allowed as long as the most recent transplant was a haploidentical or matched related donor SCT.

*Disease persistence is defined as the presence of any residual disease using standard morphological assessment, immunohistochemistry or cytogenetics, or the presence of any identifiable disease clone using either a high sensitivity flow cytometry or high sensitivity next-generation sequencing assay.

• Available original donor (same donor as used for the most recent haploidentical stem cell transplant for adults, or for the most recent matched related donor or related haploidentical donor for pediatrics) that is willing and eligible for non-mobilized collection.

• Age ≥12 years.

• ECOG performance status ≤2

• T cell chimerism ≥20% donor-derived within the 4 weeks prior to cell infusion.

• Patient with ≤80% bone marrow involvement within 4 weeks prior to cell infusion. Medications like hydroxyurea, decitabine or cytarabine are allowed to control rising blasts between study enrollment and cell infusion.

• No systemic corticosteroid therapy for GVHD (≤ 5mg of prednisone or equivalent dose of systemic steroids for non-GVHD, non-autoimmune indications are allowed) for at least 4 weeks prior to cell infusion. Patients on systemic GVHD prophylaxis medications such as tacrolimus or sirolimus need to be off these medications for at least 4 weeks prior to cell infusion.

• No other systemic medications/treatments (e.g. ECP) for GVHD for at least 4 weeks prior to cell infusion.

• Ability of the patient or legal guardian to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.

• Adequate organ function within 2 weeks of NK cell infusion as defined below:

• Total bilirubin: ≤1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (except Gilbert's or disease-related hemolysis, then < 3 x ULN)

• AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT): ≤3 x institutional ULN

• Serum creatinine ≤2.0mg/dL

• O2 saturation: ≥90% on room air

• LVEF >40%. If there is no clinical evidence of a change in cardiovascular function from the time of pre-transplantation ECHO, then there is no need to repeat it. Otherwise, an ECHO will need to be repeated within 2 weeks of NK cell infusion.

• Negative pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential only.

• The effects of CIML NK cells and IL-2 on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Men treated or enrolled on this protocol must also agree to use adequate contraception prior to the study, for the duration of study participation, and 4 months after the last IL-2 dose administration.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Extramedullary relapse involving immuno-privileged sites (e.g. CNS, testes, eyes). Other sites of extramedullary relapse (e.g. leukemia cutis, granulocytic sarcoma) are acceptable.

• Participants who have had other investigational agents within 4 weeks prior to cell infusion (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C), or immunotherapy within 8 weeks prior, or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks prior. Use of hydroxyurea to control counts within 4 weeks prior to cell infusion is permitted with study PI approval but would need to be stopped 1 day prior to administration of Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide preceding the NK cell infusion. Patients on standard of care FLT-3, IDH1, and IDH2 inhibitors can stay on this treatment. Therapy with BCR-ABL inhibitors must be stopped 2 weeks before NK cell infusion and may be resumed after the end of the DLT period.

• Prior history of treatment with anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 pathway therapy, or CD137 agonist therapy for post-transplant relapse.

• Prior history of Donor Lymphocyte Infusion (DLI).

• Prior history of severe (grade 3 or 4) acute GVHD, or ongoing active GVHD requiring systemic treatment.

• Solid organ transplant recipient. Prior allogeneic HLA matched or mismatched stem cell transplant is allowed in the pediatric cohort. Prior HLA matched related donor or HLA matched unrelated donor stem cell transplant is allowed in the adult cohort. However, the most recent transplant must be a haploidentical stem cell transplant in adults.

• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to IL2 or other agents used in study.

• Autoimmune disease: Patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's Disease, are excluded from this study, as are patients with a history of symptomatic disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic progressive sclerosis [scleroderma], systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune vasculitis [e.g., Wegener's Granulomatosis]) and motor neuropathy considered of autoimmune origin (e.g. Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis). Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis are eligible to go on study.

• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.

• Patients who develop a critical illness prior to NK cell infusion that would contraindicate the administration of Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide conditioning. Patients who recover from such illness may still be eligible, but this must be reviewed with the study PI. A repeat bone marrow examination may be required depending on the timing of recovery. Patients who become critically ill on the planned day of NK cell infusion are excluded if the NK cell infusion cannot be given within 48 hours of the planned day 0.

• Pregnant women are excluded from this study because of the unknown teratogenic risk of CIML NK cells and IL-2 and with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects by Flu/Cy chemotherapy regimen. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with CIML NK cells and IL-2, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated on this study.

• HIV-positive participants are ineligible because of the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with anti-retroviral agents used in this study. In addition, these participants are at increased risk of lethal infections when treated with marrow-suppressive therapy.

• Individuals with active uncontrolled hepatitis B or C, HIV, or HTLV-1 are ineligible as they are at high risk of lethal treatment-related hepatotoxicity after HSCT.