A Study of Melphalan, BCNU, Vitamin B12b, Vitamin C, and Stem Cell Infusion in People With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer and BRCA Mutations

• Status: Recruiting
• Trial end date: 2023-05-01
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: All

Summary

The clinical trial is a phase 1, single-arm trial that will evaluate the safety of the investigational treatment on pancreatic cancer in patients who have an inherited, deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic alteration. The investigational treatment will involve 2 cycles of a combination of intravenous melphalan, BCNU, low-dose I.V. ethanol, vitamin B12b, and vitamin C in association with autologous hematopoietic stem cell infusion. A dose-escalation schedule will be employed for vitamin C

• Phase: Phase 1
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: No

Details

• Lead Sponsor: General Oncology, Inc.
• Treatments: Ascorbic Acid; Carmustine; Ethanol; Hydroxocobalamin; Melphalan; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Age ≥ 18 years.

• Expected survival time ≥ 6 months, as determined by the investigator.

• Life expectancy not severely limited by diseases other than malignancy, as determined by the investigator.

• Karnofsky score ≥ 60%.

• Potential subjects must have an inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (or both), confirmed by Myriad's BRACAnalysis CDx test, and the mutation must be known to be deleterious or suspected to cause functional impairment.

• Pathologically confirmed ductal adenocarcinoma.

• Stage IV (based on AJCC staging guidelines) at the time of enrollment.

a. Note that potential subjects with stage IV cancer that have had a complete response from prior chemotherapy are still potentially eligible.

• No chemotherapy within 2 weeks of enrollment.

• If a potential subject has had surgical resection of the primary tumor, then that potential subject must be at least 28 days post-op with the surgical wounds healed and significant complications resolved.

• Prior surgical resection of the primary tumor is allowed but not required.

• If the potential subject has had surgical resection of the primary tumor, then there must be no evidence of disease progression between the time of surgical resection of the primary tumor and screening for enrollment if the patient is seeking enrollment in the immediate post-surgery period.

• Potential subjects who have received previous chemotherapy and/or PARP inhibitors for advanced disease may be enrolled.

• Histological or cytological confirmation of the primary cancer diagnosis is required.

• Metastatic disease must be histologically or cytologically confirmed unless in the clinical judgment of the principal investigator a biopsy is not needed for diagnostic purposes.

• Female participants of childbearing potential must agree to do one of the following from the time of signing of the informed consent through 6 months after the last dose of melphalan:

1. Simultaneously practice two effective barrier methods of contraception. Oral and injectable contraceptives are not allowed. Barrier methods of birth control (e.g., diaphragm and spermicide, or condom and spermicide) are required.

2. Practice true abstinence when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods, and withdrawal) are not acceptable methods of contraception.

• Male participants:

1. Unless the male is in a monogamous relationship with a female that does not have child-bearing potential, male subjects (even if surgically sterilized) must agree to do one of the following from the time of signing of the informed consent through 6 months after the last dose of melphalan:

1. Practice effective barrier contraception, plus a second method of effective contraception.

2. Practice true abstinence when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods, and withdrawal) are not acceptable methods of contraception.

Exclusion Criteria

• Biliary tract obstruction.

• Current biliary stenting with a history of two or more biliary tract infections.

• Portal hypertension.

• Sinistral portal hypertension.

• Miliary lung disease.

• Malignant ascites or malignant pleural effusion.

• Metastatic lesion to the heart or eye.

• Chemotherapy for an indication other than treatment of pancreatic cancer within the past 1 year with a more than 30% risk of recurrence as determined by the investigator.

• Known or suspected metastatic involvement of the central nervous system.

• Left ventricular ejection fraction less than 45% by Multigated Acquisition Scan or echocardiogram (or significantly below the lower limit of normal for the specific test).

• Clinically significant structural heart disease or vascular disease.

• Myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to enrollment; New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV heart failure; angina; uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias; or electrocardiographic evidence of acute ischemia or active conduction system abnormalities.

• Clinically significant prolongation of QTc (Bazett formula) on EKG, defined as > 0.45 s in males and > 0.47 s in females.

• Severe hypertension, which is defined as the presence of any of the following:

1. History of hypertensive crisis, hypertensive emergency, or malignant hypertension within the last year.

2. Sustained or persistent systolic BP > 165 mm Hg or diastolic > 110 mm Hg.

• Other clinically significant cardiovascular disease.

• NOTE:

1. A past history of severe hypertension that is well-controlled with therapy or that was addressed by removal of the cause (e.g., removal of a medicine that caused the severe hypertension) is not an exclusion criterion.

2. The presence of a pacemaker is not a contraindication and is not considered an exclusion criterion

• History or evidence of interstitial lung disease (e.g., pneumonitis or pulmonary fibrosis).

• If a smoker, refusal to stop smoking for the duration of the trial.

• FEV1 or DLCO (adjusted for hemoglobin) < 50% of predicted.

• Total bilirubin > 2x upper normal limit, except that potential subjects with Gilbert's Disease are permitted to exceed 2x upper normal limit.

• ALT or AST > 2.5x upper normal limit.

• Alkaline phosphatase > 2.5x upper normal limit, in conjunction with elevated GGT.

• Albumin < 3.0 g/dl.

• Clinical evidence of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome.

• Corrected creatinine clearance consistently < 50 ml/min/1.73 m^2.

• Clinically significant renal disease.

• Hemolytic anemia.

• Catalase deficiency.

• Evidence of bone marrow insufficiency or failure, in the judgment of the investigator.

• A hemoglobin < 9 g/dL.

a. Note that a hemoglobin < 10 g/dL is not an exclusion criterion provided that the value was subsequently stably increased to ≥ 10 g/dL by the transfusion of RBCs (i.e., there is not active bleeding or hemolysis).

• G6PD deficiency as measured by quantitative enzyme levels below the normal reference range in blood.

• Pre-existing bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy.

• Potential subject is pregnant.

• Breast feeding and unwilling to stop.

• Wilson's disease.

• Primary or secondary hemochromatosis.

• Hgb A1c > 9%.

• Hyperuricemia that is not responsive to therapy.

• Plasma oxalate greater than 10 µM, which is not responsive to measures to reduce the level below 10 µM.

a. Subjects must be off vitamin C for at least 48 hours prior to the oxalic acid measurements and have fasted overnight.

• Prior or current hepatitis B or C.

• HIV infection or seropositivity for HIV.

• Active, clinically significant bacterial, viral, or fungal infection.

• History of colonization with a multidrug-resistant "superbug" that poses a high risk of an untreatable infection in the setting of neutropenia.

• Uncontrolled seizure disorder.

• If a potential subject has received radiation, then any of the following:

1. A volume ≥ 700 ml of normal liver received a dose ≥ 4 Gy.

2. The mean dose to normal liver (i.e., liver minus gross tumor volume) was ≥ 4 Gy.

3. The mean dose to normal lung (i.e., lung minus gross tumor volume) was ≥ 4 Gy.

• History of significant allergy or other contraindication to BCNU, melphalan, vitamin B12b, vitamin C, pegfilgrastim, or Neupogen, or to any excipient in those drugs.

• Use of any of the following cytochrome P450 2b6 (CYP2b6) inducers within 21 days of the planned date of BCNU treatment: phenobarbital, carbamazepam, rifampicin, phenytoin, sulfinpyrazone, or verapamil.

• Disulfiram (Antabuse) use within 30 days of the planned ethanol administration.

• Current chronic use of immunosuppressive agents (e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporine, corticosteroids).

• Prior bone marrow stem cell transplant.

• Except for adjuvant therapy for breast cancer or pancreatic cancer, prior radiation therapy to the brain, kidneys, pelvis, or GI tract or treatment with yttrium-90.

• Prior treatment with bleomycin or BCNU.

• Subject has not fully recovered (i.e., there remain toxicities > Grade 1) from the reversible effects of prior chemotherapy, with the exception of chemotherapy-induced alopecia and grade 2 peripheral neuropathy, unless in the opinion of the principal investigator the effects are not of clinical significance.

• Any concurrent anticancer treatment.

• Serious underlying medical or psychiatric illness or another condition that in the clinical judgment of the principal investigator is likely to interfere with the potential subject completing participation in the trial, based on safety concerns or otherwise.

• Inability or unwillingness to adhere to the study protocol.

• Unwillingness to receive ethanol, which is used as a co-solvent for BCNU (and which also serves the purpose of protecting RBC catalase in the trial).

• Participation in other interventional clinical trials within 30 days of enrollment.