Acute Progesterone Suppression of Wake vs. Sleep Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency in Pubertal Girls With and Without Hyperandrogenism

• Status: Recruiting
• Trial end date: 2024-12-01
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: Female

Summary

The purpose of this study is two-fold. (1) We will determine if in mid- to late pubertal girls without hyperandrogenism (HA), progesterone (P4) acutely reduces waking luteinizing hormone (LH) frequency to a greater extent than sleep-associated LH frequency. (2) We will determine if in mid- to late pubertal girls with HA, P4 will acutely suppress waking LH frequency to a lesser degree than it does in girls without HA.

• Phase: Early Phase 1
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Details

• Lead Sponsor: University of Virginia
• Collaborator: National Institutes of Health (NIH)
• Treatments: Progesterone

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Mid- to late pubertal adolescent girl (at least Tanner breast stage 3, but no more than 2 years postmenarcheal)

• For girls without hyperandrogenism: serum (calculated) free testosterone concentration within the Tanner stage-specific reference range and the absence of hirsutism

• For girls with hyperandrogenism: serum (calculated) free testosterone concentration greater than the Tanner stage-specific reference range and/or unequivocal evidence for hirsutism

• General good health (excepting overweight, obesity, hyperandrogenism, and adequately-treated hypothyroidism)

• Capable of and willing to provide informed assent (adolescents under age 16 years) and/or consent (adolescents over age 16 years; custodial parents or guardians of all adolescent volunteers)

• Willing to strictly avoid pregnancy with use of reliable non-hormonal methods during the study period

Exclusion Criteria:

• Inability/incapacity to provide informed consent

• Males will be excluded (hyperandrogenism is unique to females)

• Obesity resulting from a well-defined endocrinopathy or genetic syndrome

• Positive pregnancy test or current lactation

• Evidence for non-physiologic or non-PCOS causes of hyperandrogenism and/or anovulation

• Evidence of virilization (e.g., rapidly progressive hirsutism, deepening of the voice, clitoromegaly)

• Total testosterone > 150 ng/dl, which suggests the possibility of virilizing ovarian or adrenal tumor

• DHEA-S elevation > 1.5 times the upper reference range limit. Mild elevations may be seen in adolescent HA and in PCOS, and will be accepted in these groups.

• Early morning 17-hydroxyprogesterone > 200 ng/dl measured in the follicular phase, which suggests the possibility of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (if elevated during the luteal phase, the 17-hydroxyprogesterone will be repeated during the follicular phase). NOTE: If a 17-hydroxyprogesterone > 200 ng/dl is confirmed on repeat testing, an ACTH stimulated 17-hydroxyprogesterone < 1000 ng/dl will be required for study participation.

• Abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH): Note that subjects with stable and adequately treated primary hypothyroidism, reflected by normal TSH values, will not be excluded.

• Hyperprolactinemia: Mild prolactin elevations may be seen in HA/PCOS, and elevations within 20% higher than the upper limit of normal will be accepted in this group.

• History and/or physical exam findings suggestive of Cushing's syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, or acromegaly

• History and/or physical exam findings suggestive of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (e.g., symptoms of estrogen deficiency) including functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (which may be suggested by a constellation of symptoms including restrictive eating patterns, excessive exercise, psychological stress, etc.)

• Hematocrit < 36% and hemoglobin < 12 g/dl.

• Severe thrombocytopenia (platelets < 50,000 cells/microliter) or leukopenia (total white blood count < 4,000 cells/microliter)

• Previous diagnosis of diabetes, fasting glucose > or = 126 mg/dl, or a hemoglobin A1c > or = 6.5%

• Persistent liver panel abnormalities, with two exceptions. Mild bilirubin elevations will be accepted in the setting of known Gilbert's syndrome. Also, mild transaminase elevations may be seen in obesity/HA/PCOS; therefore, elevations < 1.5 times the upper limit of normal will be accepted in such girls.

• Significant history of cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction (e.g., known or suspected congestive heart failure, asthma requiring intermittent systemic corticosteroids, etc.)

• Decreased renal function evidenced by GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2

• A personal history of breast, ovarian, or endometrial cancer

• History of any other cancer diagnosis and/or treatment (with the exception of basal cell or squamous cell skin carcinoma) unless they have remained clinically disease free (based on appropriate surveillance) for five years

• History of allergy to micronized progesterone.

• Body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile < 5% (underweight)

• Due to the amount of blood being drawn, adolescent volunteers with body weight < 25 kg will be excluded.

• Restrictions on use of other drugs or treatments: No medications known to affect the reproductive system, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, or blood pressure can be taken in the 2 months prior to the screening visit and in the 3 months prior to the start of the study medications. Such medications include oral contraceptive pills, progestins, metformin, systemic glucocorticoids, some antipsychotic medications, and sympathomimetics/stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate).