Brain Dopamine Function in Human Obesity

• Status: Recruiting
• Trial end date: 2022-12-31
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: All

Summary

Background:

Dopamine is a natural chemical in the brain that may influence eating behavior and physical activity. Researchers want to measure the brain s dopamine activity and understand how it differs in people with obesity.

Objective:

To better understand how brain function, particularly dopamine activity, relates to body weight and eating behavior.

Individuals may be able to participate if they:

Have a BMI of at least 18.5 kg/m2

Are weight-stable and generally healthy

Are between ages 18-45 years

Have normal blood pressure

Are not using illegal drugs (based on urine drug screen)

Are not following a special diet

Do not have metal implants

Design:

Participants will be screened with:

• Medical history

• Physical exam

• Questionnaires and an interview to see if it is safe to have a PET/MRI scan

• Fasting blood and urine tests

• Participants will eat a special diet given to them for the 5 days before their inpatient visit.

Participants will have a 5-day inpatient visit. Some days include blood and urine tests. Each day includes surveys and tests to measure habits and likes/dis-likes. A sample schedule may be:

Day 1: Participants will wear a monitor that uses a needle below the skin to measure glucose. Their body fat will be measured with low-dose x-rays

Day 2: Participants will have a PET scan. They will lie on a table that slides in and out of a donut-shaped scanner. They will be injected with a small amount of a radioactive substance and wear a cap on their head.

Day 3: Participants will have an MRI. They will lie on a table that slides in and out of a scanner.

Day 4: Participants will have another PET scan. This time, they will drink a milk shake during a break from the scanner. Then, they will go back inside the scanner for the end of their scan.

Day 5: Participants will wear a hood for up to 40 minutes to measure their breathing. They will also drink special water and collect samples of their urine to measure the rate they burn energy.

For 12 months after the visit, participants will track their weight and physical activity daily using a special scale and activity monitor. A few times over the year, the study team will send participants special activity monitors to use for 7 days at a time.

Participants will have an in-person 1-day follow-up visit. This includes most tests except for PET scanning.

• Phase: Early Phase 1
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Details

• Lead Sponsor: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
• Treatments: Fallypride; Raclopride

Criteria

• INCLUSION CRITERIA:

• Age 18-45 years, male and female

• Consent to undergoing PET scanning

• Body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 18.5 kg/m^2

• Weight stable (less than plus or minus 5% change in the past month)

• Written informed consent

• Estimated IQ greater than or equal to 70, as determined by the NART (Scores below 70 are indicative of mental retardation; IQ has been related to alterations in brain structure and function that may confound neuroimaging measures. Failure to meet this eligibility criteria will be documented in the record and communicated to the potential participant as ineligibility based on reading test results )

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

• Age 46 or greater (Age is a significant confound in the relationship between BMI and dopamine. Dopamine binding has been shown to drastically decrease in the fifth decade of life.

• Body weight > 400 lbs. (weight limit of PET scanner)

• Weigh less than 80% of maximum lifetime weight

• BMI < 18.5 kg/m2

• Past or present history of neurological or psychiatric disease (e.g., depression, anxiety, substance use disorder or psychosis), or eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder) as determined by research team upon review of

history/physica l, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionna ire and Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure.

• Blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg

• Evidence/history of cancer, metabolic disease (e.g. thyroid disease, diabetes) or cardiovascular disease (e.g. coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, atherosclerosis), or disease that may influence metabolism

• Current use of prescription medication or other drug that may influence metabolism (diet/weight-loss medication, asthma medication, psychiatric medications such as antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and stimulants for ADHD, corticosteroids or other medications at the discretion of the PI and/or study team)

• Pregnancy, lactation at any time during study/follow-up period (women only)

• Evidence of vigorous exercising in order to lose weight, change body shape, or to counteract the effects of eating

• Previous bariatric surgery

• Evidence of nicotine dependence as determined by Fagerstrom scoregreater than or equal to 3 (including chewing or smoking tobacco), any drug use (amphetamines, cocaine, heroin, marijuana), or problematic alcohol use (i.e. diagnosis of alcohol use disorder: meeting greater than or equal to 2 of 11 criteria in past 12 months, ranging from drinking more/longer than intended to experiencing

withdrawal symptoms); report of binge drinking: greater than or equal to 5 drinks in 2 hours or greater than or equal 4 drinks in

2 hours for men and women, respectively) over the previous 6 months.

• Volunteers with strict dietary concerns (e.g. kosher diet, milk allergy or lactose intolerance, or food allergies)

• Caffeine consumption > 300 mg/day (roughly greater than or equal to 3 cups coffee or 2-3 energy drinks)

• Having metal implants incompatible with MRI (for example, pacemakers, metallic prostheses such as cochlear implants or heart valves, shrapnel fragments, etc.).

• Having had previous radiation exposure within the last year for either medical or research purposes (e.g. X-rays, PET scans, etc.) that would exceed research limits. Excessive radiation exposure will be determined at the discretion of the PI and/or study team

• Are claustrophobic to a degree that they would feel uncomfortable in the MRI machine.

• Non-English speakers.

• Cannot commit to the schedule of visits to the Clinical Research Center as required by the study timeline