Comparison of CRP Levels, Neutrophil Count, and Clinical Outcomes of Low Dose Ketamine Between at Anesthesia Induction and at the End of Surgery in Patients Undergo Elective Laparotomy

• Status: Completed
• Trial end date: 2020-11-10
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: All

Summary

The effects of anesthesia and surgery can lead to stress responses that result in hormonal and metabolic changes in the body. The immune system and the nervous system communicate both ways, and it was found that nociception and proinflammatory cytokines play a joint regulatory role, i.e., increased production of proinflammatory cytokines can worsen the pain. Major surgery can trigger the release of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α.

• Phase: N/A
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: No

Details

• Lead Sponsor: Udayana University
• Treatments: Ketamine

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients undergoing elective laparotomy with general anesthesia at Sanglah Hospital from July to September 2020.

2. Patients aged 18-65 years.

3. Patient physical status American American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) 1 and 2.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Contraindication to ketamine.

2. Allergy to morphine

3. Presence of cardiorespiratory chronic diseases.

4. Presence of autoimmune diseases.

5. History of the central nervous system or psychiatric disorders.

6. BMI <18.5 kg/m2 or ≥30 kg/m2.

7. A history of chronic pain killer medications (such as opioid or non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs)

Drop Out Criteria

1. Patients with class 3 bleeding during the surgery

2. Patients with more than 5-hours duration of surgery

3. Patients need mechanical ventilation after the surgery