Donor Stem Cell Transplantation for Congenital Immunodeficiencies

• Status: Completed
• Trial end date: 2019-11-01
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: All

Summary

This study uses transplantation to treat patients with problems in their immune system. The immune system cells come from the bone marrow where they grow from special cells called stem cells. Giving patients stem cells from someone else may help to cure many patients with certain immune diseases. This is called 'bone marrow transplantation'. This procedure can have side effects that are life-threatening. To try to make transplantation safer we are using lower doses of the medications used in preparing the patient for the transplant.

'Conditioning' treatments are given to patients to create space in their bone marrow. This lets the cells of the donor go into the bone marrow and produce normal immune cells. This study will use lower doses of a drug called busulfan and lower doses of radiation than what are currently being used in other kinds of bone marrow transplantation for other diseases.

Another problem that can occur with bone marrow transplantation is 'graft-versus-host disease'. This happens when the cells of the donor attacks different parts of the patient s body. This study will use a medicine called sirolimus instead of the usual medicine, cyclosporine, to prevent graft-versus-host disease.

To go onto this study, you must have:

1. A severe immune deficiency, such as chronic granulomatous disease or leukocyte adhesion deficiency.

2. Have problems from the disease that call for stem cell transplantation.

3. You must also be between the ages of 2 and 40 years.

Two groups of patients are included in this study:

1. Patients who have a brother or sister that have stem cells that match the patient. This is known as an allogeneic matched sibling transplant.

2. Patients who do not have a matched sibling donor but have a donor that matches in the National Marrow Donor Program. This is know as matched unrelated donor transplantation.

Patients will have the following procedures:

• To create space in the bone marrow, patients are given two drugs, Campath-1H and busulfan. To prevent the body from getting rid of the donated cells, patients are given sirolimus. On the day before the BMT, patients in the matched unrelated donor group also receive a low-dose of whole-body radiation. This will further improve the chances that the patients body will accept the donor cells.

• Patients will get the donor stem cells through an intravenous (IV) line that goes into a vein in their body. The cells make their way to the bone marrow space and slowly refill the marrow over the next several weeks. Patients will usually stay in the hospital for 30 days after the transplant.

• For the first 3 months after the transplant, patients are watched closely. The patients will have frequent visits to the clinic. During these visits the patient will have a physical examination and blood tests. The doctor and nurse will also check any symptoms the patient may have. At day 100 after the transplant a sample of bone marrow is taken.

• Patients will continue to be followed periodically for at least 5 years after the transplant.

• Phase: Early Phase 1
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: No

Details

• Lead Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Treatments: Alemtuzumab; Busulfan; Everolimus; Fludarabine; Fludarabine phosphate; Lenograstim; Sirolimus; Vidarabine

Criteria

• INCLUSION CRITERIA:

PATIENTS (RECIPIENT)

• Must have confirmed genetic diagnosis of XSCID (common gamma chain disorder) by identification of a mutation in the IL2RG gene or by demonstrating failure to detect gamma c protein in patient immune blood cells.

• Must have sufficient complications from underlying disease to warrant undergoing transplantation as defined as follows:.

Clinical Criteria: (greater than or equal to 1 must be present)

i. Infections (not including molluscum, warts or mucocutaneous candidiasis; see vii and viii below): 3 significant new or chronic active infections during the 2 years preceding evaluation for enrollment, with each infection accounting for one criteria.

Infections are defined as an objective sign of infection (fever >38.30C [1010F] or neutrophilia or pain/redness/swelling or radiologic/ultrasound imaging evidence or typical lesion or histology or new severe diarrhea or cough with sputum production). In addition to one or more of these signs/symptoms of possible infection, there also must be at least 1 of the following criteria as evidence of the attending physician's intent to treat a significant infection (a. and b.) or objective evidence for a specific pathogen causing the infection (c.)

1. Treatment (not prophylaxis) with systemic antibacterial, antifungal or antiviral antibiotics . 14 days OR

2. Hospitalization of any duration for infection OR

3. Isolation of a bacteria, fungus, or virus from biopsy, skin lesion, blood, nasal washing, bronchoscopy, cerebrospinal fluid or stool likely to be an etiologic agent of infection

ii. Chronic pulmonary disease as defined by:

1. Bronchiectasis by x-ray computerized tomography OR

2. Pulmonary function test (PFT) evidence for restrictive or obstructive disease that is . 60% of Predicted for Age OR

3. Pulse oximetry . 94% in room air (if patient is too young to comply with performance of PFTs).

iii. Gastrointestinal enteropathy:

1. Diarrhea-watery stools . 3 times per day (of at least 3 months duration that is not a result of infection as defined in criterion # i. above) OR

2. Endoscopic evidence (gross and histologic) for enteropathy (endoscopy will only be performed if medically indicated) OR

3. Other evidence of enteropathy or bacterial overgrowth syndrome: including malabsorption of fat soluble vitamin(s), abnormal D-xylose absorption, abnormal hydrogen breath test, evidence of protein losing enteropathy (for example increasingly high or frequent dosing of intravenous gamma globulin supplement required to maintain blood IgG level).

iv. Poor nutrition: Requires G-tube or intravenous feeding supplement to maintain weight or nutrition.

v. Auto- or allo-immunity: Examples must include objective physical findings that include, but are not limited to any one of alopecia, severe rashes, uveitis, joint pain with redness or swelling or limitation of movement that is not a result of infection, lupus-like lesions, and granulomas (Does not include auto- or allo-immune enteropathy which is criterion iii). Where possible and appropriate, diagnosis will be supported by histopathology or other diagnostic modality.

vi. Failure to grow in height: . 3rd percentile for age

vii. Skin molluscum contagiosum OR warts (this criterion is satisfied if molluscum consists of 10 lesions or there are two or more lesions at each of two or more widely separated anatomic sites; or there are 3 warts at different anatomic sites at the same time; or the patient has both

molluscum and warts)

viii. Mucocutaneous candidiasis (chronic oral thrush or candida esophagitis or candida intertriginous infection or candida nail infections; must be culture positive to satisfy this criterion)

ix. Hypogammaglobulinemia: requires regular IgG supplementation

Ages 2 years 40 years.

HLA-matched family donor available or an HLA matched unrelated PBSC graft (10/10 or 9/10 mismatch) available, or a minimum of 4/6 HLA matched cord blood product. (If the size of the cord blood graft is less than 3.0 x 10(7) cells, a second appropriate 4/6 or greater match cord blood product must be available).

Must be HIV negative.

Must be able to stay within one hour s travel of the NIH for the first 3 months after transplantation and have a family member or other designated companion to stay with during the post transplant period.

Must provide a durable power of attorney for health care decisions to an appropriate adult relative or guardian in accordance to NIH -200 NIH Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Decision Making.

If of child-bearing potential, must agree to consistently use contraception throughout study participation and for 3 months post-study. Acceptable forms of contraception are:

• Condoms, male or female, with or without a spermicide

• Diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide

• Intrauterine device

• Contraceptive pills or patch, Norplant, Depo-Provera, or other FDA-approved contraceptive method

• Male partner has previously undergone a vasectomy

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

PATIENT (RECIPIENT)

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) or equivalent performance status of 3 or more (See Supportive Care guidelines, available at http://intranettst2.cc.nih.gov/bmt/clinicalcare).

• Left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%.

• Transaminases greater than 5 times upper limit of normal based on the patient s clinical situation and at the discretion of the investigator.

• Liver alkaline phosphatase >10x upper limit of normal based on the patient's clinical situation and at the discretion of the investigator

• Psychiatric disorder or mental deficiency severe enough as to make compliance with the BMT treatment unlikely, and/or making informed consent impossible.

• Major anticipated illness or organ failure incompatible with survival from AlloPBSC, MUD or unrelated cord blood transplant

• Pregnant or lactating.

• HIV positive.

• Uncontrolled seizure disorder.