Effects of Lacosamide on Human Motor Cortex Excitability: a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study
Status:
Completed
Trial end date:
2012-08-01
Target enrollment:
Participant gender:
Summary
This study has been designed to explore dose-depended effects of lacosamide (LCM) on motor
cortex excitability with TMS in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover
trial in young healthy human subjects, and to compare the pattern of excitability changes
induced by LCM with those of carbamazepine (CBZ). LCM selectively enhances slow inactivation
of voltage-gated sodium channel, and, in contrast to CBZ, does not affect steady-state fast
inactivation (Errington et al., 2006). The enhancement of slow inactivation of sodium
channels by LCM is a novel manner to modulate sodium channels and leads to normalization of
activation thresholds and a reduced pathophysiological hyper-responsiveness, thereby
effectively controlling neuronal hyperexcitability without affecting physiological activity
(Beyreuther et al., 2007). Therefore, it is thought that LCM, compared to CBZ, will be better
tolerated in clinical settings while being as or even more effective in controlling seizure
activity. On the basis of the results from nonhuman studies, it is hypothesized that the TMS
profile of LCM will be distinguishable from that of CBZ. CBZ, like other 'classical' sodium
channel blockers such as phenytoin, predominantly demonstrated elevated TMS motor thresholds
indicating reduced neuronal membrane excitability, without developing significant changes of
synaptic intracortical inhibition and facilitation (Ziemann et al., 1996; Chen et al., 1997;
Lee et al., 2005). Because of its novel mode of action it can only be speculated which TMS
parameters LCM might affect. For example, more than exclusively affecting neuronal membrane
excitability, LCM could possibly also affect inhibitory mechanisms such as short- and
long-latency intracortical inhibition (Valls-Sole et al., 1992; Kujirai et al., 1993). This
would in line with other well-tolerated modern antiepileptic drugs (Ziemann et al., 1996;
Reis et al., 2002; Lang et al., 2006).