Erythropoietin to Improve Critical Care Patient Outcomes
Status:
Not yet recruiting
Trial end date:
2022-12-31
Target enrollment:
Participant gender:
Summary
Anemia is very common in intensive care patients, affecting approximately two-thirds of
patients on admission, with a mean admission hemoglobin (Hb) level of 11.0 g/dl. The severity
of anemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Its pathophysiology is
complex, involving blood loss (from repeated blood sampling, invasive procedures, surgical
interventions, etc.) and inflammation. The latter is responsible for a decrease in endogenous
erythropoietin (EPO) production and a decreased bone marrow response, which can be very
prolonged (half of the patients discharged from ICU with anemia are still anemic at 6 months
of discharge, with low levels of EPO, compared to the observed Hb levels). On this basis,
several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of EPO on the transfusion
rate in this population were performed in the 1990s-2000s. The authors showed a modest
reduction in blood transfusion, which was not considered clinically relevant in view of the
cost of EPO at that time.
Since then, meta-analyses evaluating the benefits and risks of EPO in intensive care patients
suggest a positive impact of EPO on mortality. The largest, including 34 studies (and 930,470
patients) reports a reduction in the relative risk of mortality of 0.76, 95% CI [0.61 -
0.92]. Beyond the reduction in red blood cell transfusions, the benefit of EPO could be
directly due to its erythropoietic effect (correction of anemia) and/or its
anti-inflammatory/anti-apoptotic properties. Based on this literature, the French critical
care societies have recently recommended the use of EPO. However, the European Society of
Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) recently recommended against the use of EPO, based on the
same literature, but suggested that the benefit of EPO should be evaluated. Indeed, the main
obstacle to recommending the use of EPO seems to be economic, whereas the arrival on the
market of biosimilar molecules has significantly reduced these costs.
Most of the trials on EPO in critical care patients (and included in the meta-analyses) are
quite old (about 15 years) and none of them had mortality as primary endpoint. In addition,
transfusion practices and the quality of blood products have changed significantly over the
years. In this context of disagreement on the recommendations for the use of EPO in these
patients, but of potential benefit on mortality, there is an urgent need to evaluate whether
EPO decreases mortality in adult anemic patients admitted to intensive care. However,
calculation of the number of patients needed to evaluate the benefit of EPO on mortality in
this population yields a number of patients to be included of the order of 1800-2000
patients.
Before considering the implementation of a multicenter study involving such a large number of
patients, a pilot study evaluating the feasibility and inclusion capacity for such a study
seems indispensable according to the latest CONSORT recommendations.