The overall objective of this double blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to compare
specific outcomes of three medications (Dexmedetomidine, Nicardipine, and Labetalol) which
are routinely used to lower blood pressure used during general anesthesia for orthognathic
(jaw) surgery. The outcome measures for the study will be surgical field visibility,
estimated blood loss, hemodynamic parameters, operation time, and adverse events.
The specific objectives of this study are to compare:
1. Dexmedetomidine, Nicardipine, and Labetalol's effect on the quality of the surgical
field. (Primary Outcome)
2. Dexmedetomidine, Nicardipine, and Labetalol's effect on estimated blood loss.
3. Dexmedetomidine, Nicardipine, and Labetalol's effect on hemodynamic parameters including
systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate.
4. Dexmedetomidine, Nicardipine, and Labetalol's effect on operation time.
5. Dexmedetomidine, Nicardipine, and Labetalol's effect on adverse events.
The investigators will evaluate healthy adult male and female patients who require jaw
surgery at Boston Medical Center. The anticipated 90 participants will be randomized into
three groups: ) A Labetalol group in which the patients receive hypotensive anesthesia with
the aid of labetalol, 2) A Nicardipine group in which the patients receive hypotensive
anesthesia with the aid of nicardipine, and 3) A Dexmedetomidine group in which the patients
receive hypotensive anesthesia with the aid of dexmedetomidine.
The time it will take for each individual participant ranges from 1-3 months. This time
includes the pre-operative visit, the surgical procedure, a 1-week post-operation visit, and
then followed for 30 days post-operatively after which the patient's participation in the
study will conclude.