Immune Response of Caudally Administrated Tramadol In Pediatric Lower Abdominal Surgery

• Status: Completed
• Trial end date: 2017-08-01
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: All

Summary

Management of acute pain is one of the most important tasks of perioperative pediatric anesthesia. The alleviation of pain has been defined by the Society of Pediatric Anesthesia, on its 15th annual meeting as a basic human right, irrespective of age, treatment primary service responsible for the patient care. Pro-inflammatory cytokines increased by surgical trauma indirectly modulate pain through the release of substances like nitric oxide, oxygen free radicals, prostaglandins, and excitatory amino acids, inducing peripheral and central sensitivity and hyperalgesia. There has been growing interest in determining the possible immune consequences of analgesic administration for the management of postoperative pain

• Phase: Phase 2
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: No

Details

• Lead Sponsor: Assiut University
• Treatments: Bupivacaine; Ketamine; Tramadol

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

lower abdominal operation

Exclusion Criteria:

Any systemic disease that might compromise the immune system severe coagulation disorder true allergy to local anesthetics patients with major malformations of the lower spine or meninges any cutaneous or subcutaneous lesion at the site of injection unplanned reoperation, or reoperation within three months Diabetes Melliutes