Inducing Remission in Type 1 Diabetes With Alefacept

• Status: Terminated
• Trial end date: 2014-04-01
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: All

Summary

The purpose of this trial is to test whether a drug called alefacept will slow or halt destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas. If the destruction of the beta cells is stopped, the patients might be able to produce insulin on their own longer, which could stop or slow the progression of their type 1 diabetes.

This is a multi-center prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind and randomized trial to investigate the ability of alefacept to protect residual beta cells from ongoing autoimmune destruction in adolescents and young adults with newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM).

• Phase: Phase 2
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: No

Details

• Lead Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Collaborators: Immune Tolerance Network (ITN); Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
• Treatments: Alefacept

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Recent diagnosis (within 100 days of enrollment) of T1DM

• Positive for at least one diabetes autoantibody (Glutamate decarboxylase [GAD-65GAD65], IA2, ZnT8, ICA and Insulin, if obtained within 10 days of the onset of exogenous insulin therapy)

• Peak stimulated C-peptide level > 0.2 pmol/mL following a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT)

• Willingness to provide written informed consent (either the subject or the subject's legally authorized representative).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe reaction or anaphylaxis to human monoclonal antibodies

• History of malignancy or significant cardiovascular disease (including history of myocardial infarction, angina, use of anti-anginal medicines (e.g., nitroglycerin), or abnormal stress test)

• History of recent or ongoing uncontrolled bacterial, viral, fungal, or other opportunistic infections

• Evidence of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) as defined by hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg; hepatitis C virus (HCV) defined by anti-HCV antibodies; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); or toxoplasmosis

• Positive tuberculin skin test (PPD)

• Clinically active infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-EBV viral load ≥ 10,000 copies per 10^6 PBMCs; cytomegalovirus (CMV) -CMV viral load ≥10,000 copies per mL whole blood; or tuberculosis (TB)

• Diagnosis of liver disease or hepatic enzymes, as defined by ALT and/or AST ≥ 2 times the upper limit of normal

• Prior or current treatment that is known to cause a significant, ongoing change in the course of T1DM or immunologic status, including high-dose inhaled, extensive topical or systemic glucocorticoids

• Current or prior (within the last 30 days) use of metformin, sulfonylureas, glinides, thiazolidinediones, exenatide, liraglutide, DPP-IV inhibitors or amylin

• Current use of any medication known to influence glucose tolerance (e.g., atypical antipsychotics, diphenylhydantoin, thiazide, or other potassium-depleting diuretics, β-adrenergic blockers, niacin)

• Any of the following hematologic abnormalities, confirmed by repeat tests at least 1 week apart:

1. White blood count <4000/μL or >14,000/μL;

2. CD4+ count below the lower limit of normal;

3. Platelet count <150,000 /μL; or

4. Hemoglobin <10 g/dL.

• Females who are pregnant, lactating, or planning on pregnancy during the 2-year study period

• History of bone marrow transplantation, or autoimmune disease associated with lymphopenia

• Any medical condition that in the opinion of the principal investigator would interfere with safe completion of the trial

• Prior participation in a clinical trial that could potentially affect T1DM or immunologic status

• Receipt of a live vaccine (e.g., varicella, measles, mumps, rubella, cold-attenuated intranasal influenza vaccine, bacillus Calmette-Guérin, and smallpox) in the 6 weeks before enrollment

• Participation in an investigational clinical trial within the last six weeks.