This is a 2x2 factorial randomized controlled trial (KPAF Trial), evaluating two different
pharmacological approaches to improve long-term outcome of catheter ablation for atrial
fibrillation (AF). The study is composed of UNmasking Dormant Electrical Reconduction by
Adenosine TriPhosphate (UNDER-ATP) Trial and Efficacy of Antiarrhythmic Drugs Short-Term Use
after Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (EAST-AF) Trial. Patients with paroxysmal or
persistent AF will be randomized to ATP guide ablation or control group in a 1:1 ratio before
the procedure (UNDER-ATP Trial). Excluding those with severe procedural complications or
substantial bradycardia identified first after ablation for persistent AF, patients will be
randomized in a 1:1 ratio to antiarrhythmic-drug (AAD) or control group after the procedure
(EAST-AF Trial).