The study will investigates the neuroprotective effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) at a Karachi tertiary care hospital. Using a randomized clinical trial design, the study targets term and near-term newborns with moderate to severe HIE. Data collection involves obtaining informed consent, preparing and administering magnesium sulfate, and assessing outcomes including mortality and morbidity. The study aims to provide insights into improving patient outcomes and clinical practice for neonatal HIE management.