Oral Switch During Treatment of Left-sided Endocarditis Due to Multi-susceptible Streptococcus

• Status: Recruiting
• Trial end date: 2024-09-01
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: All

Summary

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection with a significant burden for patients and hospitals (in France, median length of hospital stay = 43 days), partly due to the long duration of intravenous (IV) antibacterial treatment recommended by international guidelines, between 4 and 6 weeks in most situations.

A recent survey of practices regarding the management of IE in France showed that a switch from IV to oral antibiotics is feasible, when patients with left-sided Streptococcus-Enterococcus IE are stable after an initial course of IV antibiotic treatment, with or without valvular surgery.

These practices have not been associated with unfavourable outcome, while significantly reducing the duration and cost of hospitalization, the risk of nosocomial infection, and patients' discomfort.

There has been no randomized controlled trial (RCT) in the field of IE over the last 20 years; current guidelines are mostly based on expert advice, in vitro studies, animal experiments, or clinical studies performed before the 90's.

The RODEO 2 project is an unprecedented opportunity to bring back evidence-based medicine in the field of IE.

Most experts acknowledge that the pharmacological PK/PD characteristics of antibiotics such as amoxicillin allow a high level of efficacy in the treatment of IE when orally administrated after an IV period of induction.

It's needed to conduct RCTs that clearly demonstrate the clinical non-inferiority of this strategy for streptococci, and enterococci IE with a benefit regarding costs.

The RODEO 2 project corresponds to one pragmatic trial assessing the impact of a switch strategy, making it a comparative effectiveness trial that should be able to feed the next revision of IE international guidelines and to change practices in IE management.

• Phase: Phase 3
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: No

Details

• Lead Sponsor: University Hospital, Tours
• Treatments: Amoxicillin; Ceftriaxone; Gentamicins; Netilmicin; Penicillin G; Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillins; Polystyrene sulfonic acid; Vancomycin

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Left-sided IE (Defined according to Duke criteria) on native or prosthetic valve

• due to one isolate of Streptococcus/Enterococcus sp. susceptible to amoxicillin (MCI ≤ 0.5 mg/l)

• in an adult ≥18 year old

• appropriate parenteral antibiotics treatment received for at least 10 days

• in case of valvular surgery, appropriate parenteral antibiotics treatment received for at least 10 days after valvular surgery

• planned duration of antibiotics will extend for at least 14 days at the time of randomisation i.e. a potential switch to oral treatment between Day 10 and Day 28 thus ensuring to have at least 14 days of oral therapy remaining in the experimental group

• apyrexia (temperature < 38°C) at each time point during the last 48 hours (at least two measures/day) at the time of randomisation

• blood cultures have been sterile for at least 5 days at the time of randomisation

• informed, written consent obtained from patient

• subject covered by or having the rights to French social security

Exclusion Criteria:

• body mass index <15 kg/m² or > 40 kg/m²

• glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min/1,73m²

• patient unable or unwilling to take oral treatment (digestive intolerance, significant malabsorption) at the time of randomisation

• expected difficulties regarding compliance with oral antibiotic treatment or follow-up (e.g. severe cognitive impairment, severe psychiatric disease...)

• patient without entourage to support and watch him at discharge

• valvular surgery planned within the next 6 months

• for patients with cardiac devices (pace-maker, implantable cardiac defibrillator) and suspected device-related IE (vegetation on the leads) if removal of the device was not performed

• breast feeding or pregnant women, or women on childbearing age without effective contraception

• expected duration of follow-up < 7 months at the time of randomisation (e.g. expected life expectancy < 7 months, patient living abroad...)

• past medical history of IE in the last 3 months

• other infection requiring parenteral antibiotic therapy

• taking of an estrogen-progesterone treatment interacting with rifampicin

• patient with contra-indication to oral antibiotics administered in the experimental arm (i.e. amoxicillin) - including anticipated non-manageable drug interactions, and allergy.