The Prehospital Analgesia INtervention trial (PAIN) is a proposed 4 year (3-year enrollment)
multicenter, prehospital, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial that will enroll
approximately 1,544 patients at select LITES Network sites. The objective is to perform a
prospective, interventional, randomized trial among prehospital trauma patients with
compensated shock (SI>0.9) and an indication for pain management, comparing patient centered
outcomes following prehospital administration of ketamine hydrochloride versus fentanyl
citrate.