The Effects of Injection Site Cooling and Solution Buffering on Perceived Pain During Local Anesthesia Administration

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Trial end date: 2021-12-31
• Target enrollment: 0
• Participant gender: All

Summary

Participants will have local anesthesia administered to the palmar aspect of both forearms using 4 different injection methods in order to determine which method provides the best results in terms of perceived pain, overall comfort, and participant preference. Injection site cooling and solution buffering using a 3:1 ratio will be compared to the current standard, no injection site cooling and 9:1 solution buffering.

• Phase: N/A
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers?: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Details

• Lead Sponsor: Nicholas Bastidas
• Treatments: Epinephrine; Epinephryl borate; Lidocaine; Racepinephrine

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Provision of signed and dated informed consent form

• Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures

• Any gender, aged 21 - 65

• In good general health with no peripheral neuropathy or disorders that may produce peripheral neuropathy such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

• Healthy intact skin on the palmar aspect of both left and right forearms

• Fluent in English

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current use of any medication

• Pregnancy

• Known allergic reactions to components of the local anesthetic such as sulfites

• History of vasovagal response to venipuncture or vaccination

• History of trauma to the forearms i.e., bone breaks, burns, deep lacerations

• Decreased sensation to the palmar aspect of either forearm