The global aim of this study is to investigate how microneedles can facilitate the
penetration and efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratoses
The specific aims are as follows:
1. Investigate whether pretreatment with microneedles enhances penetration of topical
aminolevulinic acid (ALA) that is marketed as Levulan® Kerasticks by DUSA
pharmaceuticals Inc.
2. Investigate whether pretreatment with microneedles can decrease the required incubation
times of the topical ALA prior to exposure to blue light photodynamic therapy.